eruption at Mauna Loa |
Some historic Mauna Loa lava flows
There have been numerous eruptions in the past hundred years or so, at intervals of a few years. The eruption of 1873-74 lasted eighteen months; that of 1880-81, nine months. In 1926, a lava flow from a crevice in the southeastern side of the mountain destroyed the village of Hoopuloa, on the coast. This flow was thirty feet high, and advanced along a front of about a hundred feet at the rate of three feet a minute. Thomas A. Jaggar, director of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, compared the flow to the lumbering advance of a caterpillar tractor. Said he: "An upper layer of boulders and paste is rolled forward on a viscous red-hot paste inside, tumbles down at the front in a debris slope and this is eternally overridden by the advancing mass for which it lays the track."
In 1935, the city of Hilo was threatened by a lava flow proceeding from the northwest flank of Mauna Loa. The United States Army Air Corps (it is now a separate military arm) came to the rescue. A fleet of bombers dropped 6,000 pounds of bombs from a height of about 5,000 feet above the lava. The bursting bombs opened up new channels for the lava flow, diverted its course, and saved the city.